Kuphimba kwa evaporation: Potenthetsa ndi kuchititsa nthunzi chinthu china kuti chiyike pamalo olimba, amatchedwa evaporation coating.Njirayi idaperekedwa koyamba ndi M. Faraday mu 1857, ndipo yakhala imodzi mwazotsatira
njira zopakapaka zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano.Kapangidwe ka zida zokutira zomwe zimatuluka nthunzi zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1.
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi nthunzi monga zitsulo, mankhwala, etc. zimayikidwa mu crucible kapena kupachikidwa pa waya otentha monga gwero la evaporation, ndi workpiece kuti yokutidwa, monga zitsulo, ceramic, pulasitiki ndi magawo ena, amaikidwa patsogolo pa crucible.Dongosolo likasamutsidwa kupita ku vacuum yayikulu, crucible imatenthedwa kuti isungunuke zomwe zilimo.Ma atomu kapena mamolekyu a chinthu chotuluka nthunzi amayikidwa pamwamba pa gawo lapansi mozungulira.Makulidwe a filimuyi amatha kukhala mazana angstroms mpaka ma microns angapo.Kuchuluka kwa filimuyo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa evaporation ndi nthawi ya gwero la evaporation (kapena kuchuluka kwake), ndipo zimagwirizana ndi mtunda pakati pa gwero ndi gawo lapansi.Kwa zokutira zazikuluzikulu, gawo lapansi lozungulira kapena magwero angapo a evaporation nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti atsimikizire kufanana kwa makulidwe a filimuyo.Mtunda wochokera kugwero la nthunzi kupita ku gawo lapansi uyenera kukhala wocheperapo kusiyana ndi njira yaulere ya mamolekyu a nthunzi mu gasi wotsalira kuti aletse kugunda kwa mamolekyu a nthunzi ndi mamolekyu otsalira a gasi kuti asawononge mankhwala.Avereji ya mphamvu ya kinetic ya mamolekyu a nthunzi ndi pafupifupi 0.1 mpaka 0.2 ma electron volts.
Pali mitundu itatu ya magwero a nthunzi.
① Gwero lotenthetsera lopingasa: Gwiritsani ntchito zitsulo zokanira monga tungsten ndi tantalum kupanga zojambula za ngalawa kapena ulusi, ndikuyika magetsi kuti mutenthetse chinthu chomwe chatuluka pamwamba pake kapena mu crucible (Chithunzi 1 [Chithunzi chojambula cha zida zokutira evaporation] zokutira vacuum) Kukana kutentha gwero makamaka ntchito nthunzi zinthu monga Cd, Pb, Ag, Al, Cu, Cr, Au, Ni;
②Chitsime chotenthetsera chotenthetsera kwambiri: gwiritsani ntchito ma frequency apamwamba kwambiri kuti mutenthetse zinthu zowotcha ndi mpweya;
③ Gwero lotenthetsera mtengo wa elekitironi: limagwira ntchito Pazida zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kwa evaporation (zosachepera 2000 [618-1]), zinthuzo zimatenthedwa ndi kuphulitsa zinthuzo ndi matabwa a ma elekitironi.
Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zokutira vacuum, zokutira za evaporative zimakhala ndi chiwongolero chokwera kwambiri, ndipo zimatha kuphimbidwa ndi makanema apawiri oyambira komanso osawola ndi kutentha.
Kuti muyike filimu ya kristalo yoyera kwambiri, ma molekyulu a epitaxy angagwiritsidwe ntchito.Chipangizo cha molecular beam epitaxy chokulitsa doped GaAlAs single crystal layer chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2 [chithunzi cha masinthidwe a molecular beam epitaxy device vacuum coating].Mng'anjo ya jet ili ndi gwero la mtengo wa molekyulu.Ikatenthedwa ndi kutentha kwina pansi pa vacuum yokwera kwambiri, zinthu zomwe zili m'ng'anjoyo zimakankhidwira ku gawo lapansi mumtsinje wofanana ndi molekyulu.Gawo laling'ono limatenthedwa ndi kutentha kwina, mamolekyu omwe amaikidwa pamtunda amatha kusuntha, ndipo makhiristo amakula motsatira dongosolo la gawo lapansi la crystal lattice.Molecular mtengo epitaxy angagwiritsidwe ntchito
pezani filimu yoyera kwambiri ya kristalo yokhala ndi chiŵerengero chofunika cha stoichiometric.Kanemayo amakula pang'onopang'ono Liwiro limatha kuwongoleredwa pa 1 single layer/sec.Poyang'anira chisokonezo, filimu imodzi ya kristalo yokhala ndi zofunikira komanso kapangidwe kake kakhoza kupangidwa molondola.Molecular beam epitaxy imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zosiyanasiyana zophatikizika ndi makanema osiyanasiyana apamwamba kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-31-2021