Kupaka vacuum ndi njira yomwe zinthu zowonda-filimu zimapangidwa ndi njira zakuthupi.Ma atomu a zinthu zomwe zili mu chipinda cha vacuum amasiyanitsidwa ndi gwero la kutentha ndikugunda pamwamba pa chinthu chomwe chiyenera kuikidwa.Ukadaulo umenewu unayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalasi oonera zinthu, monga magalasi oonera zakuthambo.Kenako anawonjezera mafilimu ena zinchito, kujambula aluminium plating, ❖ kuyanika zokongoletsera ndi zinthu padziko kusinthidwa.Mwachitsanzo, chikwama cha wotchi chimakutidwa ndi golide wonyezimira, ndipo mpeni wamakina umakutidwa kuti usinthe kufiyira komanso kuuma.
Chiyambi:
Wosanjikiza filimuyo amakonzedwa mu vacuum, kuphatikiza plating crystalline zitsulo, semiconductor, insulator, ndi ena oyambira kapena mafilimu apawiri.Ngakhale kuyika kwa nthunzi wamankhwala kumagwiritsanso ntchito njira zochotsera vacuum monga kutsika kwamphamvu, kutsika pang'ono kapena madzi a m'magazi, kuthira vacuum nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zakuthupi kusungitsa makanema opyapyala.Pali mitundu itatu ya zokutira vacuum, ❖ kuyanika evaporation, sputtering zokutira ndi ayoni plating.
Ukadaulo wokutira wa vacuum udawonekera koyamba m'ma 1930, ntchito zamafakitale zidayamba kuwonekera m'ma 1940 ndi 1950s, ndipo kupanga mafakitale akulu kudayamba m'ma 1980.Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga zamagetsi, zakuthambo, zolongedza, zokongoletsera, ndi masitampu otentha.Vacuum yokutira imatanthawuza kuyika kwachitsulo kapena chitsulo pamwamba pa chinthu (kawirikawiri zinthu zopanda zitsulo) monga gawo la mpweya m'malo opanda mpweya, yomwe ndi njira yopangira nthunzi.Chifukwa chophimba nthawi zambiri chimakhala filimu yachitsulo, imatchedwanso vacuum metallization.Munjira yotakata, zokutira za vacuum kumaphatikizanso kuyika kwa vacuum kwa mafilimu osagwira ntchito ngati zitsulo monga ma polima pamwamba pazitsulo kapena zinthu zopanda zitsulo.Pakati pa zipangizo zonse zomwe ziyenera kuikidwa, pulasitiki ndiyo yofala kwambiri, yotsatiridwa ndi zokutira za pepala.Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo, zoumba, matabwa ndi zipangizo zina, mapulasitiki ali ndi ubwino wa magwero ochuluka, kuwongolera kosavuta kwa magwiridwe antchito, ndi kukonza kosavuta.Chifukwa chake, mapulasitiki osiyanasiyana kapena zida zina za polima zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zodzikongoletsera zokongoletsa ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto, zida zapanyumba, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku.Kupaka, kukongoletsa mwaluso ndi magawo ena amakampani.Komabe, zida zambiri zapulasitiki zimakhala ndi zolakwika monga kulimba kwapansi, mawonekedwe osakwanira, komanso kukana kuvala kochepa.Mwachitsanzo, filimu yachitsulo yopyapyala kwambiri imatha kuikidwa pamwamba pa pulasitiki kuti pulasitiki ikhale yowala kwambiri.Itha kukulitsa kwambiri kukana kwamphamvu kwa zinthuzo, ndikukulitsa kwambiri kukongoletsa ndi kuchuluka kwa pulasitiki.
Ntchito zokutira vacuum ndizosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatsimikiziranso kuti nthawi zogwiritsira ntchito ndizolemera kwambiri.Nthawi zambiri, ntchito zazikulu za zokutira vacuum zimaphatikizapo kupereka kuchuluka kwachitsulo chonyezimira komanso mawonekedwe agalasi pamwamba pazigawo zopukutidwa, kupangitsa kuti filimuyo ikhale ndi zotchinga zabwino kwambiri pafilimuyo, komanso kupereka chitetezo chabwino kwambiri chamagetsi ndi zotsatira zake.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-31-2021