Zosefera

Zosefera zimagwiritsa ntchito magalasi ndi zokutira zowala kuti zisankhe ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe amtundu wina wa kuwala, kutumiza kapena kuziziritsa ngati pakufunika.

Zosefera ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyamwa ndi kusokoneza.Zosefera zimatha kuyikidwa mugalasi molimba kapena zimayikidwa mu zokutira zowoneka bwino zamitundu yambiri kuti zipangitse zomwe zimafunikira.

Zosefera zokhudzana ndi mafakitale, zophimba mzere wathunthu wa zosefera zamagalasi achikuda, komanso zokutira zapamwamba kuchokera ku zokutira zotsogola.Kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito, zosankha zotsika mtengo zitha kuperekedwa ndi kusankha kwapadera kwa zosefera zapadera.

Kupereka magawo osiyanasiyana kuyambira sayansi ya zamankhwala ndi moyo mpaka mafakitale ndi chitetezo.Mapulogalamuwa akuphatikiza kuzindikira kwa gasi, R&D, zida, kuwongolera sensa ndi kujambula.

Banja la fyuluta limaphatikizapo zosefera zamagalasi achikuda, zosefera zodula ndi zotsekereza, zosefera zowongolera matenthedwe, ndi zosefera za ND (neutral density).